Análise do financiamento de pesquisas em Endodontia apresentadas nas reuniões anuais da Sociedade Brasileira de Pesquisa Odontológica: revisão bibliométrica / Análisis de financiamiento para investigaciones en Endodoncia presentado en las reuniones anuales de la Sociedad Brasileña de Investigaciones Dentales: revisión bibliométrica / Analysis of research funding in Endodontics presented at the annual meetings of the Brazilian Society of Dental Research: bibliometric review

O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma análise bibliométrica da produção científica em Endodontia apresentada nas reuniões anuais da Sociedade Brasileira de Pesquisa Odontológica (SBPqO), avaliando suas principais fontes de financiamento. Foi realizado um estudo observacional retrospectivo analisando os resumos publicados nos anais da SBPqO em um período de 10 anos (2011 a 2021), em todas as categorias. Para a coleta de dados foramutilizadas as palavras-chave "Endodontia", "canal radicular", "tratamento endodôntico", "forame apical" e "polpa dental". A extração dos dados foi realizada por dois avaliadores independentes, que identificaram 2534resumos. Com relação à distribuição de financiamento,foi possível observar que 33,93 % (n=860) dos estudos foram financiados. Dentre as agências de fomento que mais financiaram foram a Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Capes) (n=211; 24,53%) e o Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) (n=163; 18,95%), que são instituições de financiamento nacionais. Ao analisar a distribuição geográfica dos financiamentos observou-se que o Sudeste deteve 72,45% (n=270), sendo o estado de São Paulo o que mais recebeu incentivo (56,68%, n=211). Aregião Norte foi a que recebeu menor número de financiamentos. Na análise proporcional (quantidade de trabalhos financiados e presença de Programas de Pós-graduação em Odontologia por região), o Sudeste apresentou 3,87 financiamentos por programa . Durante a década avaliada, as pesquisas na área de Endodontia apresentadas na SBPqO aumentaram até 2018 e, em seguida, decresceram. A maioria das pesquisas se concentrou na área temática de materiais endodônticos (AU).

El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar un análisis bibliométrico de la producción científica en Endodoncia presentada en las reuniones anuales de la Sociedad Brasileña de Investigación Dental (SBPqO), evaluando sus principales fuentes de financiación. Se realizó un estudio observacional retrospectivo analizando los resúmenes publicados en los anales de la SBPqO durante un período de 10 años (2011 a 2021), en todas las categorías. Para la recolección de datos se utilizaron las palabras clave "Endodoncia", "endodoncia", "tratamiento endodóntico", "foramen apical" y "pulpa dental". La extracción de datos fue realizada por dos evaluadores independientes, que identificaron 2534 resúmenes. En cuanto a la distribución del financiamiento, se pudo observar que el 33,93% (n=860) de los estudios fueron financiados. Entre las entidades financiadoras que aportaron mayor financiamiento se encuentran la Coordinación de Perfeccionamiento del Personal de Educación Superior (CAPES) (n=211; 24,53%) y el Consejo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (CNPq) (n=163; 18, 95 %), que son instituciones financieras nacionales. Al analizar la distribución geográfica del financiamiento, se observó que el Sudeste poseía el 72,45%(n=207), siendo el estado de São Paulo el que recibió más incentivos (56,68%, n=211). La región Norte recibió el menor número de financiamiento. En el análisis proporcional (número de trabajos financiados y presencia de Programas de Postgrado en Odontología por región), el Sudeste presentó 3,87 financiamientos por programa. Durante la década evaluada, las investigaciones en el área de Endodoncia presentadas en la SBPqO aumentaron hasta 2018 y luego disminuyeron. La mayoría de las investigaciones se han centrado en el área temática de los materiales endodónticos (AU).

The aim of this study was to conduct a bibliometric analysis of the scientific production in Endodontics presented at the annual meetings of the Brazilian Society of Dental Research (SBPqO) evaluating its main sources of funding. A retrospective observational study was carried out analyzing abstracts published in the SBPqO proceedings in all categories, over a period of 10 years (2011 to 2021). For data collection, the keywords "Endodontics," "root canal," "endodontic treatment," "apical foramen," and "dental pulp" were used. Data extraction was performed by two independent reviewers who identified 2534 abstracts. Regarding the distribution of funding, it was observed that 33.93% (n=860) of the studies were funded. Among the funding agencies, the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (Capes) (n=211; 24.53%) and the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) (n=163; 18.95%) were the ones that provided the mostfunding, both being national funding institutions. When analyzing the geographical distribution of funding, the Southeast region accounted for 72.45% (n=270), with the state of São Paulo receiving the most support (56.68%, n=211). The North region received the lowest amount of funding. In the proportional analysis (number of funded studies and the presence of Postgraduate Programs in Dentistry by region), the Southeast presented 3.87 fundings per program. throughout the evaluated decade, research in the field of Endodontics presented at SBPqO increased until 2018 and then decreased. Most of the research focused on the thematic area of endodontic materials (AU).

CKD: The burden of disease invisible to research funders.

The uptake of the current concept of chronic kidney disease (CKD) by the public, physicians and health authorities is low. Physicians still mix up CKD with chronic kidney insufficiency or failure. In a recent manuscript, only 23% of participants in a cohort of persons with CKD had been diagnosed by their physicians as having CKD while 29% has a diagnosis of cancer and 82% had a diagnosis of hypertension. For the wider public and health authorities, CKD evokes kidney replacement therapy (KRT). In Spain, the prevalence of KRT is 0.13%. A prevalent view is that for those in whom kidneys fail, the problem is "solved" by dialysis or kidney transplantation. However, the main burden of CKD is accelerated aging and all-cause and cardiovascular premature death. CKD is the most prevalent risk factor for lethal COVID-19 and the factor that most increases the risk of death in COVID-19, after old age. Moreover, men and women undergoing KRT still have an annual mortality which is 10-100-fold higher than similar age peers, and life expectancy is shortened by around 40 years for young persons on dialysis and by 15 years for young persons with a functioning kidney graft. CKD is expected to become the fifth global cause of death by 2040 and the second cause of death in Spain before the end of the century, a time when 1 in 4 Spaniards will have CKD. However, by 2022, CKD will become the only top-15 global predicted cause of death that is not supported by a dedicated well-funded CIBER network research structure in Spain. Leading Spanish kidney researchers grouped in the kidney collaborative research network REDINREN have now applied for the RICORS call of collaborative research in Spain with the support of the Spanish Society of Nephrology, ALCER and ONT: RICORS2040 aims to prevent the dire predictions for the global 2040 burden of CKD from becoming true. However, only the highest level of research funding through the CIBER will allow to adequately address the issue before it is too late.

CKD: The burden of disease invisible to research funders / Enfermedad renal crónica: la carga sanitaria invisible para los organismos que

The uptake of the current concept of chronic kidney disease (CKD) by the public, physicians and health authorities is low. Physicians still mix up CKD with chronic kidney insufficiency or failure. In a recent manuscript, only 23% of participants in a cohort of persons with CKD had been diagnosed by their physicians as having CKD while 29% has a diagnosis of cancer and 82% had a diagnosis of hypertension. For the wider public and health authorities, CKD evokes kidney replacement therapy (KRT). In Spain, the prevalence of KRT is 0.13%. A prevalent view is that for those in whom kidneys fail, the problem is “solved” by dialysis or kidney transplantation. However, the main burden of CKD is accelerated aging and all-cause and cardiovascular premature death. CKD is the most prevalent risk factor for lethal COVID-19 and the factor that most increases the risk of death in COVID-19, after old age. Moreover, men and women undergoing KRT still have an annual mortality which is 10–100-fold higher than similar age peers, and life expectancy is shortened by around 40 years for young persons on dialysis and by 15 years for young persons with a functioning kidney graft. CKD is expected to become the fifth global cause of death by 2040 and the second cause of death in Spain before the end of the century, a time when 1 in 4 Spaniards will have CKD. However, by 2022, CKD will become the only top-15 global predicted cause of death that is not supported by a dedicated well-funded CIBER network research structure in Spain. Leading Spanish kidney researchers grouped in the kidney collaborative research network REDINREN have now applied for the RICORS call of collaborative research in Spain with the support of the Spanish Society of Nephrology, ALCER and ONT: RICORS2040 aims to prevent the dire predictions for the global 2040 burden of CKD from becoming true.

El impacto del concepto actual de enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) en la población, médicos y autoridades sanitarias ha sido bajo. Los médicos aún confunden la ERC con la insuficiencia renal crónica. En un manuscrito reciente, en una cohorte de personas con ERC, solo el 23% de los participantes fueron diagnosticados de ERC por sus médicos mientras que el 29% estaban diagnosticados de cáncer y el 82% de hipertensión. Para el público en general y las autoridades sanitarias, la ERC evoca la terapia de reemplazo renal (TRR). En España, la prevalencia de TRR es del 0,13%. La opinión predominante es que para aquellos en los que fallan los riñones, el problema se “resuelve” mediante diálisis o trasplante de riñón. Sin embargo, la principal carga sanitaria de la ERC es el envejecimiento acelerado y la muerte prematura de causa cardiovascular o de cualquier causa. La ERC es el factor mas prevalente de riesgo de mortalidad por COVID-19 después de la edad avanzada.Además, los hombres y mujeres que se someten a TRR todavía tienen una mortalidad anual que es de 10 a 100 veces superior a sus pares de edades similares, y la esperanza de vida se reduce en alrededor de 40 años para jóvenes en diálisis y en 15 años para jóvenes con un injerto renal funcionante.Se espera que la ERC se convierta en la quinta causa mundial de muerte para 2040 y la segunda causa de muerte en España antes de fin de siglo, época en la que 1 de cada 4 españoles tendrá ERC.Sin embargo, para 2022, la ERC se convertirá en la única causa de muerte entre las 15 principales a nivel mundial que no cuenta con el respaldo de una estructura de investigación CIBER en España.Los Principales grupos de investigación renal en España agrupados en la red de investigación colaborativa renal REDINREN han solicitado la convocatoria RICORS de investigación colaborativa en España con el apoyo de la Sociedad Española de Nefrología, ALCER y ONT ...

"A room of one's own" and money in the wallet: production conditions in occupational therapy / "Um quarto só seu" e dinheiro na carteira: condições de produção em terapia ocupacional / "Un cuarto propio" y dinero en la billetera: condiciones de producción en terapia ocupacional

Abstract The article reflects the participation of Daniela Testa in the opening panel of the X Argentine Congress, XIII Latin American Congress of Occupational Therapy, X Meeting of Careers and Schools of Occupational Therapy of Latin America, and III Meeting of the Latin American Student Network of Occupational Therapy, held between September 23 and 27, 2019 in the city of San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina. From the metaphor of the "room of one's own", of the English writer Virginia Woolf, we reflect on the conditions of production and dissemination of Occupational Therapy knowledge in an expanding institutional and academic context. A critical reflection is proposed on the idealized vocational profiles conceived as metaphors that attribute identities, and as veils used to hide hostile working conditions, bad payments, and/or subaltern positions. We conclude on the importance of obtaining greater equity in access to resources (material and symbolic) to increase the incidence in the professional and academic fields. The construction of a collective, plural, and diverse political subject is considered a key aspect to strengthen and expand the scope of discipline in the region.

Resumo O artigo reflete a participação de Daniela Testa no painel de abertura do X Congresso Argentino, XIII Congresso Latino-Americano de Terapia Ocupacional, X Encontro de Carreiras e Escolas de Terapia Ocupacional da América Latina e III Encontro da Rede Latino-Americana de Estudantes de Terapia Ocupacional, realizado entre 23 e 27 de setembro de 2019, na cidade de San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina. A partir da metáfora do "um quarto só seu" da escritora inglesa Virginia Woolf, reflete-se sobre as condições de produção e disseminação do conhecimento em Terapia Ocupacional em um contexto institucional e acadêmico em expansão. Propõe-se uma reflexão crítica sobre os perfis vocacionais idealizados, concebidos como metáforas que atribuem identidades e como véus que ocultam condições hostis de trabalho, má remuneração e/ou posições de subalternidade. Conclui-se sobre a importância de obter maior equidade no acesso aos recursos (materiais e simbólicos) para aumentar a incidência no campo profissional e acadêmico. Da mesma forma, a construção de um sujeito político coletivo, plural e diversificado considera-se um aspecto fundamental para fortalecer e expandir o escopo da disciplina na região.

Resumen El artículo refleja la participación de Daniela Testa en el panel de apertura del X Congreso Argentino, XIII Congreso Latinoamericano de Terapia Ocupacional, X Encuentro de Carreras y Escuelas de Terapia Ocupacional de América Latina y III Encuentro de la Red de Estudiantes de América Latina de Terapia Ocupacional, realizado entre el 23 al 27 de setiembre de 2019, en la ciudad de San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina. A partir de la metáfora del "cuarto propio", de la escritora inglesa Virginia Woolf, se reflexiona sobre las condiciones de producción y de difusión de conocimientos de Terapia Ocupacional en un contexto institucional y académico en expansión. Se propone una mirada crítica sobre los perfiles vocacionales idealizados concebidos como metáforas que atribuyen identidades y como velos que ocultan condiciones hostiles de trabajo, malos pagos y/o posiciones de subalternidad. Se concluye en la importancia de obtener mayor equidad en el acceso a los recursos (materiales y simbólicos) para aumentar la incidencia en el campo profesional y académico. Asimismo, la construcción de un sujeto político colectivo plural y diverso se considera un aspecto clave para fortalecer y expandir los alcances de la disciplina en la región.

The Spanish Society of Nephrology (SENEFRO) commentary to the Spain GBD 2016 report: Keeping chronic kidney disease out of sight of health authorities will only magnify the problem.

The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study measures the health of populations worldwide and by country on an annual basis and aims at helping guide public policy on health issues. The GBD estimates for Spain in 2016 and recent trends in mortality and morbidity from 2006 to 2016 were recently published. According to these estimates, chronic kidney disease was the 8th cause of death in Spain in 2016. Among the top ten causes of death, chronic kidney disease was the fastest growing from 2006 to 2016, after Alzheimer disease. At the current pace of growth, chronic kidney disease is set to become the second cause of death in Spain, after Alzheimer disease, by 2100. Additionally, among major causes of death, chronic kidney disease also ranked second only to Alzheimer as the fastest growing cause of Years Lived with Disability (YLDs) and Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs). Public resources devoted to prevention, care and research on kidney disease should be in line with both its current and future burden.

Diabetes research in Mexico: a map of 13 years of public funding / La investigación en diabetes en México: un mapa de 13 años de financiamiento público / Pesquisa em diabetes no México: um mapa de 13 anos de financiamento público

Abstract: In Mexico, diabetes represents a serious public health problem and a high-cost disease for the health system. Health research is essential for generating new knowledge to combat such a serious issue, however, there is not enough information on how to generate and use it. This paper examines the public funding of 303 diabetes research projects, granted by the National Council of Science and Technology in Mexico between 2002 and 2014. The projects were systematized and classified according to their type of research, discipline or subject, and aim of knowledge. Considering these information, an econometric model that links the funding with the characteristics of the projects was prepared. The results show that the funding is focused on the basic and biomedical areas, particularly on genetic research, and also that diabetes research resources have increased over time, not steadily, but rather cyclically. In diabetes research projects there is a high level of concentration at several dimensions: research areas, topics, objects, institutions conducting research, and regions. The analysis of the resource allocation suggests that Mexico needs a stronger and oriented diabetes research agenda, including in its bases discussions about balance between basic and applied research, and about oriented research towards practical implementations. The importance of promoting health systems research to improve diabetes care is also discussed, as well as implementing mechanisms to assess the impact of diabetes research in short, medium and long term, as part of Mexico's science and technology policy.

Resumen: En México la diabetes es un grave problema de salud pública y es una enfermedad de alto costo para el sistema de salud. La investigación en salud es esencial para generar nuevo conocimiento para combatir este problema, pero existe escasa información sobre su generación y uso. Este trabajo examina el financiamiento público de 303 proyectos de investigación sobre diabetes, otorgados por el Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología en México, entre 2002 y 2014. Los proyectos fueron sistematizados y clasificados de acuerdo con el tipo de investigación, disciplina o temática, y objetivo de generación de conocimiento. Con estos datos, se elaboró un modelo econométrico que relacional el financiamiento con las características de los proyectos. Los resultados muestran que el financiamiento está centrado en áreas básica y biomédica, particularmente en investigación genética, y que los recursos destinados a la investigación en diabetes se han incrementado en el tiempo pero no de manera constante, sino coyuntural. En los proyectos de investigación sobre diabetes hay un alto nivel de concentración en varias dimensiones: áreas de investigación, temáticas, objeto de estudio, instituciones que realizan la investigación, y regiones. El análisis de la asignación de recursos sugiere que México necesita una agenda de investigación en diabetes más fuerte y orientada, con fundamento en discusiones sobre el equilibrio entre investigación básica y aplicada, y sobre investigación orientada hacia implementaciones de tipo práctico. SE discute también la importancia de promover investigación sobre el sistema de salud para mejorar el cuidado a los pacientes con diabetes, así como la de implementar mecanismos para evaluar el impacto de la investigación en diabetes a corto, mediano y largo plazo, como parte de la política de ciencia y tecnología en México.

Resumo: No México, o diabetes representa um grave problema de saúde pública e uma doença de custo elevado para o sistema de saúde. A pesquisa em saúde é essencial para gerar novos conhecimentos para combater o problema, mas não há informação suficiente para gerar e utilizá-los. O artigo examina o financiamento público de 303 projetos de pesquisa em diabetes, através do Conselho Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do México entre 2002 e 2014. Os projetos foram sistematizados e classificados de acordo com o tipo de pesquisa, disciplina ou assunto e o objetivo do conhecimento. Com base nessa informação, foi preparado um modelo econométrico que associa o financiamento às características dos projetos. Os resultados mostram que o financiamento está concentrado nas áreas de pesquisa básica e biomédica, principalmente em pesquisa genética, e que os recursos para pesquisa em diabetes aumentaram ao longo do tempo, não continuamente, mas ciclicamente. Os projetos de pesquisa em diabetes mostram uma forte concentração em diversas dimensões: área de pesquisa, tema, objeto, instituição que realiza a pesquisa e região do país. A análise da alocação de recursos sugere que o México precisa de uma agenda de pesquisa mais forte e orientada, com bases que incluam discussões sobre o equilíbrio entre pesquisa básica e aplicada, e para pesquisa voltada para implementações práticas. O artigo também discute a importância de promover pesquisas em sistemas de saúde para melhorar os cuidados em diabetes, além de implementar mecanismos para avaliar o impacto da pesquisa em diabetes no curto, médio e longo prazo como parte da política de ciência e tecnologia do país.

Anatomía de la financiación mundial de artículos de excelencia en tabaquismo, 2010-2014 / Global funding for papers of excellence on smoking, 2010-2014

OBJETIVO:El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido conocer la financiación recibida por artículos de excelencia en tabaquismo a nivel mundial entre 2010 y 2014 a través de la Web of Science, y comprobar si recibir financiación se asocia con mayor repercusión de dichos artículos. MéTODOS: La búsqueda se realizó en SCI-E y en el SSCI a través de la plataforma Web of Science el 20 de mayo de 2015 (período 2010-2014, tipología originales y revisiones). La estrategia de búsqueda empleada fue "smok*" OR "tobac*". Para seleccionar los artículos de excelencia se escogieron los que tenían el índice h de la muestra global de la estrategia (número de artículos que tienen al menos ese número de citas). RESULTADOS: De los 193 documentos totales de excelencia en tabaquismo encontrados, 158 habían recibido financiación y en ellos participaron 279 instituciones financiadoras diferentes, que intervinieron en 522 ocasiones. La financiación provino preferentemente de organismos gubernamentales, fundaciones privadas y la industria farmacéutica. Se ha observado una disminución de la financiación pública y un incremento de la privada en los años analizados. Haber recibido financiación no se asoció con mayor repercusión posterior. CONCLUSIONES: La mayoría de los trabajos de excelencia en tabaquismo recibieron en su mayoría financiación externa procedente preferentemente de organismos gubernamentales, fundaciones privadas y la empresa farmacéutica. La financiación pública se ha reducido y la privada ha aumentado. Haber recibido financiación no se asoció con una mayor repercusión posterior.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate the funding received by papers of excellence on smoking at the global level between 2010 and 2014 through the Web of Science, and to find out if funding is associated with greater impact. METHOD: We searched the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) and the Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) through the Web of Science platform on 20 May 2015 (typology consisting of originals and reviews for the period from 2010 to 2014). The search strategy was "smok*" OR "tobac*." To select the papers of excellence, we picked those that had an h index (i.e., number of articles having at least that many citations) from among the papers in the overall sample generated by the strategy. RESULTS: Of the 193 papers of excellence on smoking that were identified, 158 had received funding from 279 different financing institutions that intervened 522 times. The funding came primarily from government agencies, private foundations, and the pharmaceutical industry. Public funding declined and private funding increased over the years included in the analysis. Receipt of funding was not associated with greater impact at a later date. CONCLUSIONS: Most of the papers of excellence on smoking received external funding primarily from government agencies, private foundations, and the pharmaceutical industry. Public funding has decreased, while private funding has increased. Receipt of funding was not associated with greater impact at a later date.

O financiamento de pesquisa em tempos de "vacas magras" / Research funding in "lean times" / La financiación de investigación en tiempos de "vacas flacas"

O patrocínio da pesquisa e consequente estímulo na elaboração de estudos que produzam resultados a serem vislumbrados, usufruídos e discutidos pela sociedade, infelizmente, não cresceu na mesma proporção dos avanços na saúde. Em geral, os países em desenvolvimento possuem grande potencial de formação de pesquisadores, fonte de recursos biológicos e de projetos; contudo, carece de recursos financeiros, de infraestrutura e materiais específicos para o desenvolvimento de pesquisas. No Brasil, as universidades federais e institutos de pesquisa são os que mais produzem o conhecimento científico, até porque a pesquisa, ciência, tecnologia e inovação começam na educação. Não obstante a essa constatação lógica, o Ministério do Planejamento anunciou importantes cortes para o ano de 2015, com previsíveis prejuízos para a pesquisa, ensino e, consequentemente, para a saúde da população.

The sponsorship of research and its consequent stimulus in the development of studies that produce results to be seen, used and discussed by society, , has, unfortunately, not grown at the same rate of advances in health. In general, developing countries have great potential for training researchers as sources of biological resources and projects. However, they lack financial resources, infrastructure and specific materials for the development of research. In Brazil, the federal universities and research institutes are the main generators of scientific knowledge being that research, science, technology and innovation start in education. Despite this logical determination, the Ministry of Planning has announced major cuts to the year 2015, with predictable losses in research, teaching and, consequently, to the health of the population.

El patrocinio para la investigación y consecuente el estímulo para la elaboración de estudios que produzcan resultados a ser vislumbrados, aprovechados y discutidos por la sociedad, infelizmente, no creció con la misma proporción de los avances en la salud. En general, los países en desarrollo tienen gran potencial de formación de investigadores, fuente de recursos biológicos y de proyectos; sin embargo, carece de recursos financieros, de infraestructura y materiales específicos para que ocurra el desarrollo de investigaciones. En Brasil, las universidades federales e institutos de pesquisa son los que más producen el conocimiento científico, hasta porque la investigación, ciencia, tecnología e innovación comienzan en la educación. A pesar de esa constatación lógica, el Ministerio de Planeamiento anunció importantes cortes para el año 2015, con previsibles perjuicios para la investigación, enseñanza y consecuentemente, para la salud de la población.

[Relationship between disease burden and research funding through the Health Research Foundation in Spain]. / Relación entre la carga de enfermedad y la financiación en investigación a través del Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria en España.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship between burden of disease during 2007-2009 and public funding of research in health in Spain during 2008-2010. METHOD: Descriptive cross-sectional study of burden of disease and funding allocated for research in diseases in the Spanish National Health System. RESULTS: A review was made of a total of 6,573 project titles funded for the years 2008, 2009 and 2010. During this period, a total of 472.7 million Euros were assigned as grants for research projects. Malignant tumors and neuropsychiatric diseases were the illnesses with greatest funding support. During the study period, it was estimated that there was a total of 15,253,331.3 disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in Spain, with neuropsychiatric diseases being the category representing most DALYs with 4,396,900 (28.8%). The relationship between funding and DALYs was obtained with a Pearson r equal to 0.759 (p<0.001). The study of congenital diseases had higher funding per DALY than any other disease with an investment of 290.4€/DALY. Among these, the study of cleft palate and esophageal atresia, with ratios of 3,432.7€/DALY and 3,387.6€/DALY respectively, obtained the greatest funding. CONCLUSIONS: The study shows that the relative distribution of economic resources in the study period is consistent with the burden suffered by the Spanish population. This relationship is altered by the funding of the study of congenital anomalies, because of the low number of projects in this area.

Internationalization of nursing for an international nursing publication

The Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Science and Technology of Brazil, through its principal organs, the Coordination of Improvement of Higher Education Personnel and the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development, have celebrated a 56% increase in the number of Brazilian articles published in high quality scientific journals between 2007 and 2008, lifting Brazil from 15th to 13th position in the national rankings in terms of the volume of academic publications. This increase may have come about as a result of the increase in Gross Domestic Product by 158% in the last 12 years to more than US$1,45 trillion, which makes Brazil responsible for 2.7% of the world economy and provider of 2.12% of international production, placing it ahead of long-established countries such as Russia and Holland.

Ecualización y acceso libre a la información: bases para la efectiva cooperación científica ibero-americana / Equalização e acesso livre a informação: bases para a efetiva cooperação ibero-americana / Equalization and free access to information: basis for the effective iberian-american cooperation

Charles Tilly, a social science professor at Columbia University, points out that among the main generators of inequality along history is the technical-scientific knowledge, specially the knowledge that allows you to intervene, for the good or the bad, on the human well-being.Attached to the scientific knowledge comes the technology which, according to Bantha, is the applied knowledge. Therefore the vital cycle, that originates itself from practical issues, providing the production of scientific knowledge, only finishes when the results obtained are applied. The issue that arises is the discussion about who the actual representatives of the benefits from the produced knowledge are: Whether they are the ones who describe it within an accepted scientific thought, in other words, the scientists and researchers; the ones that finance the production of the knowledge through investments on basic and instrumental research; or the population, which presents the seminal characteristics of the development of the research, beyond representing a demand that certainly overcomes the phase II of the clinic research.Therefore, as the technology it is, the Evidence Based Nursing (EBN) solely justifies its existence from the effective implementation of the results of a research within the population that has originated such research.

Charles Tilly, profesor de ciencias sociales de la Universidad de Columbia, señala que entre los principales originadores de desigualdad a lo largo de la historia está el conocimiento científico-técnico, especialmente el conocimiento que permite intervenir, para el bien o para mal, en el bienestar humano.Vinculada al conocimiento científico, está la tecnología, que, según, Bantha, es conocimiento aplicado. Por ello, el ciclo vital que se origina a partir de preguntas de la práctica, del fomento de la producción de conocimiento científico, sólo termina cuando los resultados se aplican. La pregunta que surge es la discusión de que quiénes son los verdaderos representantes de los beneficios que vienen del conocimiento producido: Si los que lo describen en un pensamiento científicamente aceptados, es decir, los investigadores y científicos, y los que proporcionan financiación para la producción de conocimiento por medio de las inversiones en pesquisa básica e industrial; o la población, que presenta las característica que tiene el desarrollo característico de investigación seminal, y representa, sin duda,una demanda superior a la investigación clínica fase ll.De esta manera, como tecnología que es, la Enfermería Basada en la Evidencia (EBE), solamente justifica su existencia a partir de la efectiva implementación de los resultados de la investigación en la población que originó la respectiva pesquisa.

Charles Tilly, professor de ciências sociais da Universidade de Columbia, assinala que entre os principais geradores de desigualdade ao longo da história está o conhecimento técnico-científico, especialmente o conhecimento que permite intervir, para o bem ou para o mal, no bem-estar humano.Atrelado ao conhecimento científico advém a tecnologia, que, segundo Bantha, é conhecimento aplicado. Assim, o ciclo vital, que se origina de questões da prática, fomentando produção de conhecimento científico, somente se encerra quando os resultados obtidos são aplicados. A questão que emerge é a discussão de quem são os reais mandatários dos benefícios advindos do conhecimento produzido: se aqueles que o descrevem dentro de um pensamento cientificamente aceito, ou seja, os pesquisadores e cientistas; aqueles que financiam a produção do conhecimento por meio de investimentos em pesquisa básica e instrumental; ou a população, que apresenta a característica seminal do desenvolvimento da pesquisa, além de representar uma demanda que certamente supera a fase II da pesquisa clínica.Assim, como tecnologia que é, a Enfermagem Baseada em Evidências (EBE) somente justifica sua existência a partir da efetiva implementação dos resultados de pesquisa na população que originou a respectiva pesquisa.

Financiamiento público de la investigación en salud en cinco países de América Latina / Public financing of health research in five Latin American countries

OBJETIVOS: Describir los subsistemas públicos de los Sistemas Nacionales de Investigación en Salud (SNIS) en cinco países de América Latina (Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Paraguay y Uruguay), con énfasis en los tipos de arreglos institucionales que se observan en cada país para promover, desarrollar y sostener sus SNIS, así como en los mecanismos explícitos o implícitos de priorización de proyectos de investigación en salud. MÉTODOS: Se identificó a los organismos responsables de manejar los recursos públicos destinados a financiar proyectos de investigación en salud en los cinco países estudiados. Luego se analizaron los tipos de proyectos que fueron financiados -utilizando una matriz por área y objeto de estudio-, ciertas características de los investigadores principales y los montos asignados entre 2002 y 2006. RESULTADOS: Solamente los países con mayores recursos o con redes de investigadores más desarrolladas poseen estructuras formales de asignación de fondos, con convocatorias periódicas y reglas estables, y ninguno cuenta con mecanismos explícitos e integrales de priorización para la investigación en salud. A su vez, las prioridades de investigación en salud presentan diferencias importantes entre países. En este sentido, es notorio que ciertos problemas, como "nutrición y medio ambiente" o "violencia y accidentes", reciban escasa atención en la mayoría de los países, al igual que varios temas de salud pública en algunos otros. Contrariamente, la investigación referida a "ciencias básicas" absorbe hasta un tercio de los recursos totales para investigación. CONCLUSIONES: Surgen numerosos interrogantes acerca de la capacidad de estos países para adaptar y generar nuevos conocimientos, y de la casi inexistente investigación sobre condicionantes sociales, económicos y culturales o sobre servicios y sistemas de salud, de alto impacto en grupos con acceso limitado al cuidado de la salud. Es necesario establecer explícitamente las prioridades en la agenda de investigación en salud, en consenso con las partes interesadas, así como incorporar mecanismos de monitoreo y seguimiento por temas y áreas de estudio del financiamiento de la investigación en este campo.

OBJECTIVES: Describe the public subsystems of the national health research systems (SNIS) in five Latin American countries (Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Paraguay, and Uruguay), emphasizing the types of institutional arrangements in place in each country to promote, develop, and sustain their SNIS, as well as explicit or implicit mechanisms for prioritizing health research projects. METHODS: The bodies responsible for managing the public resources allocated to finance health research projects in the five countries studied were identified. The types of projects financed were then analyzed-using a matrix constructed by area and object of study-, certain characteristics of the principal investigators, and the sums allocated between 2002 and 2006. RESULTS: Only the countries with greater resources or better developed networks of investigators have formal structures for allocating funds with regular calls for proposals and fixed rules. None of them has explicit comprehensive mechanisms for prioritizing health research. Moreover, the health research priorities in the countries vary widely. In this regard, it is significant that problems such as "nutrition and the environment" or "violence and accidents" receive little attention in most countries. The same holds true for a number of public health issues in some countries. In contrast, the research in the "hard sciences" absorbs up to one-third of the total resources for research. CONCLUSIONS: Many questions arise about the ability of these countries to adapt and generate new knowledge, as well as the nearly nonexistent research on social, economic, and cultural determinants, or on health services and systems that have a high impact on groups with limited access to health care. Explicit priorities should be set with stakeholders for the health research agenda, and mechanisms should be adopted for monitoring and following up health research financing by subject and area of study.

La Red ministerial de áreas de investigación para la salud en la Argentina y su articulación con el proyecto FESP II (2012-2017) / The Ministerial Network for Health Research in Argentina and its Articulation with the Project FESP II (2012-2017)

El desarrollo de un Sistema Nacional de Investigación en Salud (SNIS) involucra el fortalecimiento de las áreas de investigación de todos los ministerios de Salud provinciales. Para ello, la Dirección de Investigación para la Salud, que tiene como misión atender las políticas de investigación para la salud que impulsa el Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, ejecutó un proyecto, con financiamiento nacional e internacional, que mediante una estrategia de cooperación interjurisdiccional planificó e implementó Actividades de Salud Pública que dieron como resultado la creación de 13 áreas de Investigación en Salud Pública provinciales, 13 registros públicos de investigación en salud y 9 comités provinciales de ética en investigación